Thursday, 26-04-2012 Biology Notes (2)

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  • Roughage: Anything with dietary fiber (indigestible)
  • It is needed to prevent constipation by softening our stools.
  • In the Large Intestine, it gets transported in a wave-like movement of the muscles (like when it a bolus in the Oesophagus). This is known as peristalsis. 
  • Our stools are long because of the fiber (it fills up the large intestine and when it contracts, our stools will move out of our body. Water is absorbed in this process and it becomes harder in time)

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DIETARY DISEASES:

Anorexia Nervosa: An eating disorder caused by dieting etc.

Kwashiokor: A condition when there is a lack of protein and the body breaks down the present protein in itself.

Scurvy: A condition of lack of Vitamin C (present in vegetables and fruits). Results in easily-bruised skin and bleeding.

Anaemia: Lack of iron, resulting in less haemoglobin (substance making up red blood cells), which will result in the lack of red blood cells, and therefore we would not get enough oxygen.

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Question Criteria (and how to answer them):

  • Giving a detailed account with relevant information (e.g. structures)
  • In complete sentences (no point form or flow charts)

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Answering a Question

  • Describing how the structures in the mouth helps in digestion:
  • The teeth in the mouth chews and grinds the food into smaller pieces to enable easier digestion and more area of contact with the saliva, while the tongue would roll the food into bolus to allow it to travel down the Oesophagus. 
  • How do we change our diets if we don’t have a stomach?
  • The stomach churns and liquify the food, so we would have to eat softer, liquified food, and eating multiple meals in separate intervals. The amount of proteins in the diet would have to be reduced.

 

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